Skimmer Basket
How To Pick A Surface Skimmer. Information To Good Filtration
Two types of skimmer are available to the pond builder. The floating weir has a plate that is hinged below the waterline. The top edge floats at the water surface inside the skimmer housing. When water is drawn from bottom of the skimmer housing, outside the pond, the weir plate is pushed down by the head difference that now exists.
These results in top water, and any scum and debris on it, are being pulled off the pond and into the skimmer basket. The basket catches any large solids, such as leaves, but allows the water to pass on through to the filter. The major disadvantage of this design is that small fish can swim over the weir by pushing it down and be unable to get back into the pond.
The second design of skimmer has a floating collar. Instead of the flat plate in the weir design, this version has a circular collar that rises up and down within the basket. This principle has two advantages. Firstly, the weir cannot normally be seen from the viewing point and secondly any small fish swimming into the throat of the skimmer can swim round and out again into the pond.
Eventually, the ammonia level peaks, but nitrite continues to rise until the bacteria colony is sufficient to reduce the nitrite level by oxidation to nitrate. The result is that both ammonia and nitrite levels are reduced to a minimum and nitrate is available for absorption by the plant life now present in the pond, and the cycle begins again.
As koi grow, they eat more food and produce more waste. If a vegetable filter is inadequate or not installed, then nitrate levels may climb to an unacceptable level and you will have to carry out water changes to restore normal conditions. Nitrate can be reduced by means of the denitrification process, but this involves the use of bacteria that do not require oxygen.
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